Prize Money in Tennis A Gender Perspective Essay

Prize Money in Tennis A Gender Perspective - Essay Example Their brandishing aptitudes, unfortunately assume a lower priority. Marxist hypothesis likens the man as the bourgeoisie and the spouse as the working class. He felt that the socialist philosophy will offer space to ladies by carrying them into the open space. In socialism, ladies can go into open circle of creation and communalize the domain of private creation. This at that point, turns into the program for liberation of ladies. On the off chance that we take the case of Cuba, which is a communist autocracy, organized along the Eastern European nations. Fidel Castro, in the wake of coming to control, achieved significant changes in all parts of Cuban culture, including its games. The other socialist nations held up Cuba's achievement in sports for instance as an accomplishment of communist analysis. $80 million is still put resources into sport yearly, which speaks to 2% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Cuba. The Cuban government contributes a lopsided measure of its assets in its competitors - instructing, taking care of, attire them, paying for hardware, and travel. Sports in Cuba is profoundly coordinated with governmental issues and political philosophy obtained from Eastern Europe belief system Sports is an essential piece of the political culture, and it is accessible to all. Castro set up a procedure both to join the populace behind basic brandishing objectives and build up a common national personality through game. The liberal women's activist hypothesis expresses that sports builds socialization among ladies. It creates certainty, diminishes the sex awkwardness. Yet, a great deal of segregation exists in sports. This incorporates classifying sports as female and manly. Ladylike games being hockey, volleyball, handball, manly being rugby, cricket, football. Ladies are likewise not spoken to in significant games associations. They don't hold dynamic positions. In 2002, ladies held 17 percent of official executive/senior supervisor positions.Legal limitations likewise decrease the odds of ladies holding significant occupations. The sex separation Act, 1975, in UK does exclude sports in its plan. Private games clubs stay outside the domain of equivalent open doors enactment. Liberal women's liberation has remembered these issues for the plan of sports associations, clubs. Associations, for example, Women Sports Foundation-WSF, Women's Sports International-WSI, have squeezed these organizations and have figured out how to put issues like sexual orientation fairness and value turning out to be a piece of standard games plan. The liberal women's activist hypothesis says that natural requirements are not answerable for less support of ladies in sports Inspite of this, segregation proceeds. There is another hypothesis - radical women's liberation, which considers the to be as oppressors and the female as smothered. In contrast to the liberal women's liberation, which just discussions about equivalent open doors for ladies, radical women's liberation makes reference to that ladies are urged to have a worthy hetero feminity in sports. For instance, in worldwide ladies sea shore volleyball, two-piece bottoms ought not be more profound than 6 centimeters. This has less to do with proper clothing standards and a greater amount of externalization of ladies' bodies. Radical woman's rights has likewise prompted a comprehension of

Republic Day In India Essay

In the event that there is any year more significant in Indian history than 1947, it is 1950, the year wherein India turned into a Sovereign, Socialist, Democratic, Republic. India acquired its autonomy on 15 August 1947 as a sacred government with George VI as head of state and the Earl Mountbatten as representative general. The nation, however, didn't yet have a lasting constitution; rather its laws depended on the altered pilgrim Government of India Act 1935. On 28 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was designated to draft a lasting constitution, with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as administrator. A draft constitution was set up by the board of trustees and submitted to the Assembly on 4 November 1947. The Assembly met, in meetings open to open, for 166 days, spread over a time of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days before embracing the Constitution. After numerous consultations and a few alterations, individuals from the Assembly finished drafting of the most profound and the most point by point constitution of the world on 26 November 1949, which is commended as the law day, yet it was authorized on 26 January1950 so as to respect the vow of â€Å"PURNA SWARAJ† taken at the Lahore meeting of Indian national congress. Presently, I might want to talk about the way that Why a Country Needs a Constitution? It is said that, if men were heavenly attendants, no legislature would be vital. If blessed messengers somehow happened to oversee men, no controls on government would be important. In confining an administration of men over men, the extraordinary trouble lies in this: You should initially empower the legislature to control the represented, and in the following spot oblige it to control itself. Similarly as we have common laws to limit men in the public eye, so we have protected laws to control men in power. Our Constitution isn't only a negligible arrangement of principal laws that structure the premise of administration of our nation yet it encapsulates and mirrors certain essential qualities, reasoning and goals that were held exceptionally dear to our establishing fathers. These qualities do discover articulation in different articles and arrangements of our Constitution and generally, the Preamble to our Constitution encapsulates the essential qualities and the way of thinking on which the Constitution is based. Our Constitution has made solidarity in assorted variety conceivable. In any case, tragically, today’s situation isn't the one which our constitution creators probably thought of. In present occasions, individuals have lost the sentiment of enthusiasm, they fight on little issues and have destroyed India’s potential, which could make India a super force. Today individuals are not glad for being an Indian, and along these lines it is our obligation, my companions, to sense the sentiment of energy in each individual we meet and in this way, consistently we observe Republic Day on 26th January to show regard and respect to our country and the pioneers who yielded their lives for INDIA. Along these lines, on this extraordinary day, let’s guarantee our homeland that we will do everything to enhance and protect our legacy, our ethos and our fortune, Happy Republic Day.

Case study Expanding a business - Free Essay Example

Halpern Engineering Ltd Introduction Halpern Engineering Ltd (HEL) is a highly successful engineering corporation, which has a significant share of the UK and global market, 70% and 6% respectively in the manufacturer of machines that produce biodegradable polythene bags. As a result of the business success and also to capture a greater share of the rising demand for the end product, John Helpern, CEO and major shareholder, is faced with a dilemma regarding whether the business should continue to expand, in which case there is the requirement for additional funding of approximately  £4 million. Alternatively, there are the options to sell the business of maintain business growth at a reduced level and therefore eliminate the need for addition help. This paper sets out to analyse the four main options that are available to the business, these being venture capitalism, bank funding, business sale or business takeover. 1 Venture Capitalist Venture capital is medium to long term finance provided by an individual or corporation, usually à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“in return for an equity stake in potentially high growth unquoted companies.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  However, in the case of Helpern Engineering Ltd, a venture capitalist has agreed to provide the required  £4 million of funding in the form of a loan, which will be subject to the following conditions: Interest, payable half yearly in arrears, to be set at 10% Loan repayable in full in 2011 Alternative option for venture capitalist to purchase 50.1% of the company shares, these being newly issued shares, in 2011 in exchange for the capital repayment. However, it is anticipated that the VC will want to protect his investments by imposing certain covenants upon the business and its management, which will need to be carefully considered (Pearce and Barnes 2006). It is anticipated that these will consist of the following. Directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s commitment and confidentiality The VC is likely to include a covenant that restricts the directors ability to change their employment contracts and also imposes certain other management confidentiality condition that prohibit directors from leaving the business and setting up in competition, or enticing away suppliers and customers. Shares and Memorandum of Articles It is normal for there to be a condition that forbids directors from issuing shares or making changes to the business Memorandum of Articles without the agreement of the VC Borrowings Borrowing limits are also likely to feature as a condition of the VC investment in order to ensure that investment is not di minished or threatened. Underperformance Often a VC will impose an underperformance condition upon the business directors. This will state that, in the event that the business does not perform to agreed and pre-determined financial and performance targets, the VC will have the right to force a business sale or, alternatively appoint additional directors to the board and dispense with the services of the current directors. 2011 option As noted, in 2011 the VC has the option of cash or shares. The basis for making this decision will depend upon the return on equity employed (Reuvid 2002). This would especially be the case if the performance of the business does not match those forecasted as can be demonstrated if the following example of actual against budget is used (figure 1). Figure 1 Budget against actual EBITDA  £,000à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Forecast EBITDA 1,383 1,783 2,183 2,583 2,583 Actual EBITDA 1,383 1,700 2,030 2,340 2,380 Return on equity is calculated by using the following equation:- ROCE= Profit for the year Equity Shareholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s funds Bearing in mind that the VC share of the business is 50.1%, which will cost  £4 million, the total equity value of the business would be  £7.984 million. Therefore, using this figure as the basis for the equity shareholders funds, the return on capital employed would be as follows: ROCE =  £2.380= 29.81%  £7.984 Although the ROCE on the forecast would have been 32.35%, even with the slightly reduced return, it is recommended that the VC would should convert the  £4 million to shares rather than retrieve the cash. This is because a) the previously agreed return on investment was only 10% and b) although an actual has not matched the projections the business has still returned a year on year growth pattern. Assuming this growth continues, this means that the value of the shares should increase as well as the return on capital employed. 2Bank funding The second alternative for Halpern is to seek bank assistance, by way of an overdraft and/or loan arrangement, a method chosen by around 52% of SMEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (McLaney 2006, p.438). If this route is decided upon John Halpern will need to take into account the following issues. Maximum Funding Level With the funding being required for a project that is anticipated to require  £4 million of investment it is unlikely that the banks would advance the total amount, as they normally will require a commitment from the business and its owners (Watson and Head 2007). It is anticipated that, in this case the maximum the bank would be likely to advance is around 75% of the business requirement, this being  £3 million. Protective clauses To protect their funds the bank will attach some protective clauses to any funds that are advanced. In the case of an overdraft, by its very nature, this will always i nclude a repayment on demand condition (Watson and Head 2007, p.70). In the case of a loan an additional protective clause will be added in the form of a charge over any assets that the funds have been used to purchase. For example, if a property is purchased by the business the bank will require a charge over the property in return for the advance. In the past the banks use to require a fixed and floating charge over all of the assets of the business, which gave them a preferential position in the event of a business failure. However, this practice has been stopped in recent years as it disadvantaged other creditors (McLaney 2006). However, in a private limited company the bank will often insist upon additional protection in the form of a personal guarantee from the owners of the business (McLaney 2006), which in this case would be the Halpern family. It is important if this is the case that the person providing the guarantee ensures that it is limited to the extent of the de bt of the bank and, where possible attached to a specific asset. 3Business sale If John Halpern and his family decide to sell the business rather than seek to fund its expansion, a realistic value for the business will need to be decided. In this respect there are a number of valuation options. These include the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“rule of thumbà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Lipman 2005, p.12) and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“net assetsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  methods or, alternatively, one a method that is based upon expected future profits (Reuvid 2002, p.173). The rule of thumb method simply bases the valuation upon the number of locations and revenue sources available to the business and is determined by a multiple of gross revenue. The net asset valuation is based upon the balance sheet values of the business and is predominately used where the profitability of the business is volatile (Watson and Head 2007). However, as Lipman (2005) observes, neither of these methods take into account the future profitability of the business. It is considered that the most appropriate method for valuing Helpern Engineering would be the discounted cash flow. This method of calculation anticipates the future cash flow of the business based upon the profitability and then arrives at a valuation, which is discounted according to the risk attached. The value calculation is determined at what is known as a terminal period, which is usually five years (Lipman 2005, p.16). In applying this method, the following assumptions have been used: An tax rate of 30% is applicable throughout Working capital 2007500,000 2008400,000 2009300,000 2010200,000 2011100,000 Depreciation based upon 20% of cost. DepnCost 2007250,0001,250,000 2008360,0001,800,000 2009380,0001,900,000 2010380,0001,900,000 2011360,0001,800,000 Capital expenditure is as follows: 20070 2008550,000 2009100,000 20100 2011(100,000) A discount value of 12% has been assumed, as limited data is available for this calculation to be made. Market value of debt  £150,000 at terminal period. As can be seen from the following table, the sale value of the business based upon a five year discounted cash flow equation is  £3,089 million. DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW  £,000à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Terminal Value EBITDA 1,383 1,783 2,183 2,583 2,583 Income Tax 340 427 541 660 667 Net operating income 1,722 2,210 2,724 3,244 3,250 13,150 Plus Working capital (500) (400) (300) (200) (100) Capital expenditure 0 (550) (100) 0 100 Free cash flows 1,223 1,260 2,324 3,044 3,250 Net Present value at 12% 1,092 1,125 2,075 2,718 2,902 9,911 Corporate Value 3,239 Less: debt 150 Net value 3,089 4Business takeover In the event, John Halpern decided to continue to operate the business without taking advantage of external capital, a task which he successfully achieved until the beginning of 2008, although growth was limited and potentially the business was losing market share. However, in March 2008 an indirect industry supplier indicated an interest in acquiring HEL. However, before accepting this offer it is important for John to assess, based upon the financial results of the business, the anticipated price required for the acquisition to become acceptable to the board of Helpern Engineering Ltd. It is generally agreed that in an acquisition situation, one of the most used methods for valuing the target company, in this case HEL, is by using what is known as EBITDA[1] multiplier method (Lipman 2005, p.12). To achieve a business valuation using this method one firstly has to look at any adjustments that might not be a cost for the new owners, such as ownersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ dividends and remuneration. In addition, adjustment might be required if the business has long term debt (Lipman 2005, p.14). Once the net EBITDA has been calculated, the multiplier will need to be decided upon. Lipman (2005) suggests that the normal multiplier would be between 4 and 6 times. However, this can vary significantly depending upon the strategic value of the business to the future of the acquirer (McLaney 2006) and the target corporationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s position within their particular market. In the case of Helpern it is known that the business enjoys a 70% share of the UK market and 6% of the world market for the machines that it manufactures. Therefore, based upon the above considerations, and using the financial information as attached in appendix 1, it is suggested that the following calculations could be deemed appropriate for determining an acquisition price for the business. In reaching this valuation the following assumptions have been incorpor ated into the calculations: EBITDA That the acquiring corporation would not require to replace the directors That the current business pays 10% interest on HP debt, valuing the HP capital at ten times the interest payment. That it is assumed the acquirer will take over the HP debt. Therefore the EBITDA for Halpern Engineering can be calculated as follows: Item  £,000à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s EBITDA (2008) 1,783 Add: Directors Remuneration 60 Revised EBITDA 1,843 MULTIPLIER Based upon the fact that the acquisition is a strategic move on the part of the acquirer and that Halpern Engineering Ltd has a dominant UK and market share and a significant world market presence, it is suggested that the multiplier to use in this case should be set at 6, thus producing a sale value of  £11.058 million. However this needs to be adjusted as follows to give the final net sale price. EBIDTA sale value £11.058 million Adjust for HP debt £ 1,900 million Net sale value £ 9.158 million Bibliography Berkery. D (2008). Raising Venture Capital for the Serious Entrepreneur, McGraw Hill, New York, US Business Link (2008). Loans and Overdrafts. Business Link. Available from: https://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/layer?topicId=1073868460r.lc=en (Accessed 31 October 2008). BVCA (2004) A Guide to Private Equity. BVCA, London, UK Lipman, F.D (2005). Valuing Your Business: Strategies to Maximise the Sale Price . John Wiley Sons Inc, New York, US. McLaney, E (2006). Business Finance: Theory and Practice. Pearson Education, Harlow, UK Pearce, R and Barnes, S (2006). Raising Venture Capital. John Wiley Sons, Chichester, UK. Reuvid, J (2002). The Corporate Finance Handbook. 3rd edition, Kogan Page, London, UK Reuvid, J (2007). Start up and run your own business. 7th edition Kogan Page, London, UK Watson, D and Head, Anthony (2007). Corporate Finance: Principles and Practice. Pearson Education, Harlow, UK Appendix 1 Halpern Engineering Ltd financials Figure 2 Halpern Ltd Actual and Forecasts  £,000à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Sales 10,000 12,000 14.000 16,000 16,000 EBITDA 1,383 1,783 2,183 2,583 2,583 Interest on HP 125 180 190 190 180 Other information Share ownership in Feb 2008 was: Charles Harpern (Dad) 25% Jane Halpern (Mum) 25% John Halpern 40% Tracey Smith (daughter) 5% Sharon Jones (daughter) 5% Charles, Jane and John are the three directors, with directors fees (each) of  £20,000 per year. Halpern Engineering Ltd Presentation Introduction Halpern Engineering Ltd (HEL) is a highly successful engineering corporation making special purpose polythene bag making machines. It has 70% of the UK market share and 6% of the global market share in this industry. However, the business has reached a crucial stage of development. To continue growth it required a  £4 million investment, which it could seek from a venture capitalist or through bank funding. Alternatively, the business could be sold or maintain current performance and risk losing market share or a sale of the business. This presentation discusses these options. 1 Venture Capitalist investment A venture capitalist ha s offered to advance the  £4 million in the form of a loan. However, this is subject to the following conditions Interest, payable half yearly in arrears, to be set at 10% Loan repayable in full in 2011 Alternative option for venture capitalist to purchase 50.1% of the company shares, these being newly issued shares, in 2011 in exchange for the capital repayment. It is also anticipated that the venture capitalist will impose covenants upon the business. These will include ensuring directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s commitment to the business by restricting their ability to change employment contracts or the Memorandum of Articles. Similarly, a clause preventing the directors from setting up in competition or enticing customers and suppliers away from the business will be included in the agreement. Limitations are also likely to be imposed regarding the level of external borrowings the business can secure. Finally, there is a possibility that an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“underperformanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  clause might be included. This will give the VC the right to remove existing directors and appoint a new board should pre-agreed business targets not be achieved. 2011 option With regard to the 2011 option of shares or cash, this choice will be ultimately be decided by comparing the return on capital for the loan against the return on capital if in vested as equity in the business. Return on equity is calculated by dividing business annual profits by the shareholders equity. However, it should be noted that actual profits have underperformed forecasts but it is the actual profit results that need to be used in the calculations. Similarly, as the VC will only own 50.1% of the business, this means that the total shareholders funds will be  £7.984 million If we divide the 2011 profits of  £2.38 million by the share value of  £7.984 million, the return on capital equates to 29.81%. As this is considerably more than the 10% being returned on the loan, and the profit growth has been constant, it is suggested that the VC will opt for conversion of the loan to shares at the end of the agreement period. 2Bank funding Bank funding is the second alternative that is available for the business. This could be negotiated either in the format of an overdraft, loan, or a combination of the two. In essence, the dec ision will probably be based upon the level of capital expenditure required for the projects as overdrafts are usually chosen as a means of working capital. In either case there will be certain factors needed to be taken into account by the directors. Maximum Funding Level Banks are unlikely to offer the full funding requirements for a project of the type that Halpern Engineering is anticipating. It is normal for banks to seek an element of commitment from existing business owners before they consider a funding request. In this case it is anticipated that this commitment is likely to be around 25%. This means the bank would be advancing around  £3 million, leaving the owners to secure the remaining million from their own resources. Protective clauses However, these funds will not be granted without conditions. In terms of any overdraft facility provided this will automatically include a repayment on demand clause, which might be enforced in time of bank financi al crises such as is currently being experienced. In addition, the bank is likely to seek to take a charge over any capital item that the funds advanced are used to purchase. For example, it is used for property purchase they might require a legal mortgage over that asset. Furthermore, with private limited companies like Helpern Engineering Ltd, the banks will invariably ask for personal guarantees from the business owners, who are usually also the directors of the business. It is important to take legal advice about these personal guarantees as they effective put at risk all of the personal assets of the owners in the event of a business failure. 3Business sale John Helper, the CEO, has also considered the sale of the business as an alternative to seeking funds for further expansion purposes. If this option is pursued of course, there most important factor is to assess the value of the business and the price that might be achieved on the open market. There are a number of ways to calculate business value. Some, such as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“rule of thumb,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  method which simply uses a multiplier of gross revenue or a valuation based upon the net balance sheet assets. However, neither of these methods takes into account the current and future profitability of the business. It has therefore been decided to use the discounted cash flow method to arrive at an appropriate value for the business. This method works based on using projected profits, usually for a period that terminates after five years, for assessing the gross value of the business. This value is then discounted by a pre-determined percentage which has been calculated to take into account the level of risk that exists within the business. When applying this method the Helpern Engineering, because of the limitations in terms the amount of historical financial information available, as can be seen a number of assumptions have been used, such as working capital movement and d epreciation. However, it is considered that these assumptions have been based upon sound estimations. Nevertheless, the results of this calculation show that a realistic present value for the business if sold would be  £3.089 million. 4Business takeover In the event John Halpern decided against any of the options previously discussed and opted to continue to run the business as a going concern but with the knowledge that, without the funding this would curtail the rate of growth, although this would still be sufficient for the family needs. However, in March 2008, a supplier in a related industry approached John with a proposal to take over the business and asked what price Helpern would consider attractive for this event. From the target companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s viewpoint there are several factors to take into account in a takeover price. The most important of these is the position of the business in its marketplace and the strategic purpose of the acquirer. In this case Helpern has significant market shares and the acquisition would give the acquirer an immediate competitive advantage in a new market sector. These factors will influence the value of the target company Halpern. The most used method of valuing a target corporation is the EBITDA multiplier method. The calculation start with the business EBITDA results and then makes adjustments for costs that might not be incurred by the new owners, for example the need to retain the directors as management processes will be merged. Once the adjusted EBITA has been worked out the decision about the multiplier needs to be addressed. In most cases this would be defined between a band of 4 to 6, although it can go a lot higher dependent upon the strategic advantage of the target business and other considerations for the acquirer. Although it could be argued that Halpern deserves to be valued higher, for this calculation of 6 has been used. This takes into account the fact that the business growth and market share has reduced in recent years. The result of this calculation indicates that the takeover price should be  £9.158 million 1 Footnotes [1] Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation

Adolescent Pregnancy Risks Of Mother And Her Child

Adolescent Pregnancy risks to mother and her child Risks to Adolescent Mother Having a baby as an adolescent can be very traumatizing for the mother to be. Upon finding out that she is pregnant she begins to feel a lot of different emotions. She then begins to second guess herself causing the feeling of sadness, being mad, feeling stressed and even depression. One of the hardest things that adolescence parents go through is how to let their parents know of the news. Without any support, she will be emotionally disturbed. The feeling of being stressed about what to do next will lead to depression as questions will not be answered. An adolescent mother faces many physical risks. For example, not letting their parents know that they are pregnant puts them at risk of not getting prenatal care (WebMD, 2015). Prenatal care is scheduled appointments with doctors to make sure that nothing is wrong with the mother and the child. It helps monitor the growth of the baby and gives vitamins to the mothers to prepare for the baby to arrive. Othe r example of risks adolescent mother face is the risk of having high blood pressure, having a premature child or the risk that their child might be born underweight (WebMD, 2015). Risk to Adolescent Mother s child Children born to adolescent teen mothers face many health risks. For example, the child has the risk of being premature because their mother might not be fully developed to undergo her term of pregnancy. Other than health issues,Show MoreRelatedIssues on Teenage Pregnancy Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesamong people in today’s society. But as popular as this phrase maybe, it does not even begin to scratch the surface that lies beneath the complex issues of teenage pregnancy. There are many adverse concerns that encompass teen pregnancy, to which society has even developed its own views upon. Concerns that develop from adolescent pregnancy can have negative impacts for teenage parents, children, and even society. According to Furstenberg, â€Å"In 1995, in his State of the Union address, President Bill ClintonRead MoreEffects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teenage Pregnancy1620 Words   |  7 Pagesassociated with negative consequences for the adolesc ent parents, their children, and society,† (The Office of Adolescent Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Teenage females associated with childbearing expose themselves to many risks and negative effects that can affect their future. Females result with many consequences due to teenage pregnancy. This paper will strictly focus on the effects females experience through teenage pregnancy. The reader will be able to develop an overallRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1057 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a common thing here in America. It seems teens are getting pregnant more than the average married couple. There are some risk factors teen moms face and there is also another great turn outs. There is a major difference between the two. It’s important to tell teens the turnouts of teen pregnancy for the good and bad parts. There are risks of having sex, teen moms can make a difference for her and the baby, the risk of having HIV and/o r any other STD’s, and the effects on theRead MoreThe Dangers Of Adolescent Pregnancy1453 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent pregnancy occurs between the ages of 15-19 (as defined by the World Health Organisation) (Adolescent Pregnancy., 2014) and most commonly occurs in developing countries (Such as sub-Saharan Africa [Teen pregnancy statistics, 2016]). As many of the pregnancies happening are to young girls from under-developed countries, they are often unable to afford the necessary healthcare that most developed countries could provide expectant mothers. Due to the fact that under-developed countries haveRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesTeenage Pregnancy Over one million teenage girls become pregnant each year. In the next 24 hours, about 3,312 girls will become pregnant. In addition, 43% of all adolescents become pregnant before the age of 20. These are incredible statistics when you consider that there are only 31 million females. The United States has the highest adolescent pregnancy rate in the developed world. As statistics show one in nine women between the ages of 15 through 19 become pregnant each year. Also, everyRead MoreThe Social Issue Regarding Teen Pregnancy756 Words   |  4 Pagesissue regarding teen pregnancy is still very prevalent in the United States. Teen pregnancy is a huge issue because it is known to have a negative effect on the mother and most importantly the child. An initial study was conducted on two teenage mothers prior to having their child. The researcher wanted to further investigate the same population for a better understanding of teenage motherhood. The purpose of case study was to examine the pe rceptions of two adolescent mothers. The investigator wantedRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is teen pregnancy? Teenage pregnancy, also known as adolescent pregnancy, is pregnancy in females under the age of 20. A female can become pregnant from sexual intercourse after she has begun to ovulate, which can be before her first menstrual period but usually occurs after the onset of her periods. There are many reasons why teens end up pregnant at such a young age. These reasons consist of family related problems, the lack of being taught about safe sex in school and by parents at homeRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Public Perception1498 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature review of teen pregnancy and public perception. The chapter will begin by examining the decrease of teen pregnancy in America. It will transition to understanding the emotional effects on teen mothers and depict how a pregnant teen’s life could be altered. It will conclude by discussing how the topic of teen pregnancy has caused the President of the United States to take a closer look. This chapter will end with a summary of my research findings. The Office of Adolescent Health analyzed theRead MoreQuestions On Gender Identity And Gender Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesGender (p.371): This theory stems from Sigmund Freud. It states that from the ages of 3-5 a child has a sexual attraction to their opposite sex parent. Freud claims that as the child grows, they become anxious and ashamed of these feelings and subsequently adopt the mannerisms and characteristics of their same sex parent. I think that this is interesting because Freud was very adamant that even as a young child we had innate sexual desires. 3. Gender Schema Theory (p. 374): This concept develops asRead MoreConcept Analysis : Adolescent Pregnancy1329 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis Adolescent pregnancy has been a problem in our families, communities, and the nation as a whole. It has been the focus of many studies over the years. The United States continues to have one of the highest rates of teen pregnancy in the world. â€Å"Concept analysis is an approach espoused by Walker and Avant (2011) to clarify the meanings of terms and to define concepts so that writers and readers share a common language†. An example would be the high rate of suicide from teen mothers. Many young

The, Ignorance Is Bliss, By Albert Einstein And Steven...

There is a famous saying that goes, â€Å"Ignorance is bliss;† when superficially examining this saying, one might conclude that some things are better left unknown. After analyzing the maxim, one might be provoked to ask if an omniscient mind is superior. After all, it is geniuses such as Albert Einstein and Steven Hawking who acclaim their fame from their brilliance. Although the perception of knowledge varies, when earned, knowledge engenders an enlightenment and purity of mind; however, as evinced by Plato, the Schaibles, and Francis, knowledge is difficult to attain and has negative side effects. When gained, one’s idea of knowledge proves to be illuminating and beneficial to his or her mind’s purity. Plato believes that â€Å"in the world of knowledge the idea of good appears last of all, and is seen only with an effort; and, when seen, is also inferred to be the universal author of all things beautiful and right, parent of light and of the lord of li ght in this visible world, and the immediate source of reason and truth in the intellectual.† It is wholesome knowledge that provides truth, and truth, in turn, provides understanding. The â€Å"light† that Plato describes as a result of having knowledge is a symbol of purity, clarity, and truth; it provides an intellectual illumination of reason and awareness of all things good and beautiful. Accordingly, what Plato criticizes as â€Å"darkness,† or ignorance, the Schaibles perceive as their own from of truth and wisdom. TheShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesUniversity Brenda McAleer, University of Maine at Augusta Christina McCale, Regis College Don McCormick, California State University Northridge James McElroy, Iowa State University Bonnie McNeely, Murray State University Melony Mead, University of Phoenix Steven Meisel, La Salle Universi ty Nancy Meyer-Emerick, Cleveland State University Catherine Michael, St. Edwards University Sandy Miles, Murray State University Janice Miller, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee Leann Mischel, Susquehanna University Atul

Essay The Accident Of A Car Accident Essay Example For Students

Essay The Accident Of A Car Accident Essay Last year I got involved in a massive car accident. It was the most terrified part of life. It was the moment. I will never forget in my whole life. Before, I never realized how people really feel when a car accident happens. But,after this car accident I know what really it felt like. It was the moment. My mind was totally feared of driving. I was crushed by the hot metal and cold dirt of car. I was not feeling my arm,my body was numbed.It was felt like my lower body pressed down with monster force. All I could feel was the noise of car accident ringing in my ear.I was barely able to move my body. I was kept thinking. What my parents going to think about this? Where is my friend John? I looked through the window and saw the cars passing by totally unknowing of what really happened. I tried to call somebody for help but nobody was listing my voice. I was waiting for help. I thought, it was the end of life. It was just another day of my life. The fourth ring of my alarm woke me up. As usual, I was not feeling to go in school. I slept a couple of more minutes.After while, the shine of the sun coming from the window woke me up. I slowly stretched my arms and slid out of bed. I brushed my teeth and took the shower. Downstair,my mother was calling me for breakfast.I was still undecided what should wear for school. After browsing for while I found something to wear,and finished getting myself ready for school. When I checked the clock, I was running late as usual, which was not a surprised. I quickly ate my half sandwich and left the rest of the sandwich on the table.I took my car key, jump in my black Lexus and made my way to school.During my way to school, I got a call from my friend John. John is my best friend since when we were . .d thinking what I would have done in the past. Cause this terrible accident happened to me. I was sent to el camino hospital, where I went to the operation theater for my hipbones surgery.The doctor told me after surgery that my hipbones was fractured the reason they had to put a plate in hipbones to stay together.Although, my left arm was also fractured the reason I could not feel my arm. After surgery, they took me to the other room and gave me a couple of injections. Momentarily, I went to sleep. I woke up in the next day and thinking hopefully it was just a dream,but it’s not. I opened my eyes and saw a couple of relative looking me like a stranger. My dad came over my bed and gave me a hug and I literally started crying after thinking about the accident. I could not believe after a massive car accident I was still alive. Doctors kept in hospital couple of week ?

The Accidental Tourist By Anne Tyler Essays - The Accidental Tourist

The Accidental Tourist By Anne Tyler Life just is. You have to flow with it. Give yourself to the moment. Let it happen. -Jerry Brown If an individual allows changes to occur in one's life, then love can be the wonderful result of that acceptance. The theme of reasons why we love and how we love different people is demonstrated throughout the book The Accidental Tourist, written by Anne Tyler. There are two main characters that undergo and accept the changes in their lives, and one character that stays static throughout the book, helping one of the characters to change. Macon Leary is first grounded by loneliness and comfort, then slowly opens himself up to what appears to be a whole new world for him. Then, there is Sarah Leary, who controls some of the changes in her life, and tries to make the best of the rest of them. The character that remains the same throughout the book is Muriel Pritchett?a dog-trainer who takes an interest in Macon and helps him to accept the changes in his life. Above all, the universal theme of this book is love?a surprising new journey for all the characters. In the beginning of the book, it is explained how Macon and Sarah Leary's son is murdered and how their marriage suffers because of this. Sarah leaves Macon, which is the beginning stage of Macon's renovated life, but one that does not start off happily: ?He didn't eat real meals anymore?His hair, which Sarah used to cut for him, jutted over his forehead like a shelf. Ande something had caused his lower lids to droop. He used to have narrow gray slits of eyes; now they were wide and startled (14). Macon is not at all used to living alone. He wants to control everything and likes nothing to be left to chance?Sarah's departure is not something he can control and he does not deal with it well. Macon begins to think that he cannot live without his wife, but soon realizes a few things that really make him think about the marriage: His brain buzzed with little worries?The worries changed, grew deeper, he wondered what had gone wrong with his marriage. Sarah had been his first and only girlfriend; now he thought he should have practiced on someone else beforehand. During the twenty years of their marriage there's been moments?there's been months?when he didn't feel they had really formed a unit the way couples were supposed to. No, the stayed two distinct people, and now always even friends. Sometimes they'd seemed more like rivals, elbowing each other, competing over who was the better style of person? (15-16) Macon realizes that he and Sarah never actually became one person; they had always stayed as two separate people living in a stale, routine marriage. Finally, Macon comes to terms with the fact that Sarah is not coming home to him: ?Well, of course she wasn't there. He knew it the instant he stepped inside that house, when he smelled that stale hot air and heard the muffled denseness of a place with every window shut. Really he'd known it all along. He'd been fooling himself. He'd been making up fairy tales? (41). Macon knew that when he got home from his business trip that Sarah would not be there waiting for him like she used to. Although he did not ask for this change in his life, and after living alone for a while, moves back with his sister and brothers?a comfortable change for him. This all begins to change when Macon meets an unusual woman working at the animal hospital where he takes his dog and becomes acquaintances with her. Muriel allows Macon to open up to her, and Macon shows his willingness to do so: ?I lost my son,' Macon said. ?He was just?he went to a hamburger joint and then?someone came, a holdup man, and shot him. I can't go to dinner with people! I can't talk to their little boys! You have to stop asking me. I don't mean to hurt your feelings but I'm just not up to this, do you hear?' She took one of his wrists very gently and she drew him into the house, still not

Free Essays on Weep Not, Child

During the end of the nineteenth century the British government was planning, with Germany, on the partitioning of African territories so as to create holding on the continent and become part of the growing importance of this area to global trade and expansion. In the section of Africa that would become the British East Africa Protectorate and then Kenya in 1920, there was a wide range of cultural groups that lived by farming and herding livestock. There were also some groups, like the Kikuyu who were nomadic herders that lived in the mountainous, who were the least interested in colonization or cooperating with those types of governments. When the British decided to begin using the coastal areas of Kenya to trade in the Indian Ocean, they had a hard time extending their control inland. The cultural groups in the interior of the colony were not ready to give up their control and the British would have to take military action before the colony would be completely under their contr ol. The British began to classify the ethnic groups in the colony and force them to live in different area in order to divide and conquer the ethnic groups. Some of the ethnic groups, those who were wealthy and powerful, started to work with the British to establish a British government to run the colony of Kenya. Those poorer groups in the southern and western parts of Kenya, as well as in the mountain regions, were more resistant to change. The book Weep Not, Child takes place during the same time period telling the story about one families, the Ngotho families experience during the time Britain took over in Africa. The British helped the colonization by increasing the taxes levied on the Africans, in effect forcing them to work the white settler’s farm to pay the taxes, or retreat from the area. Either way the British were gaining more and more land to call Kenya. After World War II the British government had to deal with the tribal groups in Ken... Free Essays on Weep Not, Child Free Essays on Weep Not, Child During the end of the nineteenth century the British government was planning, with Germany, on the partitioning of African territories so as to create holding on the continent and become part of the growing importance of this area to global trade and expansion. In the section of Africa that would become the British East Africa Protectorate and then Kenya in 1920, there was a wide range of cultural groups that lived by farming and herding livestock. There were also some groups, like the Kikuyu who were nomadic herders that lived in the mountainous, who were the least interested in colonization or cooperating with those types of governments. When the British decided to begin using the coastal areas of Kenya to trade in the Indian Ocean, they had a hard time extending their control inland. The cultural groups in the interior of the colony were not ready to give up their control and the British would have to take military action before the colony would be completely under their contr ol. The British began to classify the ethnic groups in the colony and force them to live in different area in order to divide and conquer the ethnic groups. Some of the ethnic groups, those who were wealthy and powerful, started to work with the British to establish a British government to run the colony of Kenya. Those poorer groups in the southern and western parts of Kenya, as well as in the mountain regions, were more resistant to change. The book Weep Not, Child takes place during the same time period telling the story about one families, the Ngotho families experience during the time Britain took over in Africa. The British helped the colonization by increasing the taxes levied on the Africans, in effect forcing them to work the white settler’s farm to pay the taxes, or retreat from the area. Either way the British were gaining more and more land to call Kenya. After World War II the British government had to deal with the tribal groups in Ken...

The nature of general tortious liability comparing and contrasting to Essay

The nature of general tortious liability comparing and contrasting to contractual liability - Essay Example The paper tells that the similarity between general tortuous liability and contractual liability is that both give rise to actionable demands in a court of law, and both, if adequately proven, entitle the plaintiff to damages from the defendant. The main difference between general tortuous liability and contractual liability is that the latter is strictly voluntary, in that the parties by mutual consent, agree to bind themselves to certain obligations to each other, and be liable for damages in case of breach. These obligations are stipulated in a contract that shall be the law between the parties. For there to be a valid contract, there must be a meeting of the minds, i.e., an intent to create legal relations, an offer and acceptance, and mutual consideration and the parties must be capacitated to enter into the contract. One of the classical and enduring cases of contract law is the case of Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball EWCA Civ 1. In this case, a company had come out with an adve rtisement challenging readers to use Carbolic Smoke Ball to prevent Influenza. It said that if used according to instructions, the user would not be susceptible to Influenza anymore, and if he still contracted the disease, the company would pay him 100 pounds. When a claimant came out, the company refused to pay, saying that there was no intent to create legal relations. In finding against the company, the court held that a valid and legally enforceable contract existed. In a situation where a valid contract existed, breach of it would constitute contractual liability. For example, in a contract of the sale of apples of a certain quality, if an inferior quality was delivered, it can be said that a contractual liability is created. In contrast, tortuous liability does not attach by reason of contract, but because of a breach of a duty of care. It is quite possible that the defendant may not have been aware of the extent of his liability or may not even know the person to whom he is l iable, quite unlike parties to a contract who are all known to each other. To quote the seminal case of Donoghue v. Stevenson 1932] UKHL 100 (26 May 1932) " You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. Who then is my neighbour? The answer seems to be - persons who are so directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question." After Donoghue, the definition of what constitutes tortuous liability has been refined considerably and has crystallised into a three-way test: proximity (as held in the case of Donoghue), foreseeability, which means that the defendant should have been able to foresee the consequences of his or her actions (Caparo Industries Plc v Dickman and Others [1990] 2 AC 605.), and the test of â€Å"fair, just and reasonable†, recently upheld in the cas e of McFarlane and Another v Tayside Health Board [2000] 2 AC 59. To demonstrate causation in tort law – i.e., to show that the loss caused to the claimant was a result of a breach of duty of care by the defendant – the most simple test is the â€Å"but for† test. But for the defendant’s actions, would the claimant have incurred the loss? This was elucidated first in the case of Barnett v. Chelsea & Kensington Hospital ([1969] 1 QB 428) where a doctor was not held liable for a patient’s death even if he did not examine the latter, because the patient would have died anyway with or without the ministrations of the doctor. However, it must be remembered that one incident can give rise to several claims, and a claimant can elect between a breach of contract claim or a negligence claim involving duty of care1. (Jones, 2000, page 379). Explain the nature of liability in negligence and the concept of vicarious liability (P8 & P9) The nature of

Compare and contrast modern conservatism and modern liberalism Essay

Compare and contrast modern conservatism and modern liberalism - Essay Example The paper tells that one of the major requisites of the comparative analysis of modern conservatism and modern liberalism is a thorough understanding of the underlying principles of both these ideologies. In an attempt to classify the major arguments of modern conservatism, one may recognize that the body of opinion called conservatism does not have a clear-cut dogma or ideology. Rather than a system of ideological dogmata, it is mainly a body of sentiments which upholds the attitude we call conservatism. As Russell Kirk remarks, â€Å"Perhaps it would be well, most of the time, to use this word â€Å"conservative† as an adjective chiefly. For there exists no Model Conservative, and conservatism is the negation of ideology: it is a state of mind, a type of character, a way of looking at the civil social order.† However, a clear understanding of the major tenets of modern conservatism suggests that it is an ideology which shows respect for the institutions of law, Consti tution and the rights of the people. Although it has changed many of the traits of true conservatism, modern conservatism has played a crucial role in the equality, liberty, justice, and education of the people in the modern states. This fact is clear from Russell Kirk discussion of the ten principles that have loomed large during the two centuries of modern conservative thought, and he specifies that the conservative understanding of justice, education, etc have similar significance in the modern world. ... Rather than a system of ideological dogmata, it is mainly a body of sentiments which upholds the attitude we call conservatism. As Russell Kirk remarks, â€Å"Perhaps it would be well, most of the time, to use this word â€Å"conservative† as an adjective chiefly. For there exists no Model Conservative, and conservatism is the negation of ideology: it is a state of mind, a type of character, a way of looking at the civil social order.† (Guide, pg. 40) However, a clear understanding of the major tenets of modern conservatism suggests that it is an ideology which shows respect for the institutions of law, Constitution and the rights of the people. Although it has changed many of the traits of true conservatism, modern conservatism has played a crucial role in the equality, liberty, justice, and education of the people in the modern states. This fact is clear from Russell Kirk discussion of the ten principles that have loomed large during the two centuries of modern conser vative thought, and he specifies that the conservative understanding of justice, education, etc have similar significance in the modern world. In his comparison of the ideologies of modern conservatism and modern liberalism Russell Kirk considers that the former has more relevance than the latter. According to him, the great line of demarcation in modern politics is between the ultimate principles of these ideologies: â€Å"on one side of that line are all those men and women who fancy that the temporal order is the only order, and that material needs are their only needs, and that they may do as they like with the human patrimony. On the other side of that line are all those people who recognize an enduring moral order in the universe, a constant human nature, and

Ethical Issues Research Assignment Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Issues Assignment - Research Paper Example g is an ethical issue in which a struggle between the body and mind would happen and the winner would be either the body (In case the person opts for mercy killing) or the mind (In case the person decided against the mercy killing). Proponents of mercy killing are of the opinion that it is better to assist a person medically to terminate his life, if he is in a hopeless situation. In their opinion, the person who suffers pain and discomforts should have given the right to take decision about sustaining his life in such pathetic condition. Others can cite ethical or moral issues against the mercy killing; but the ultimate sufferer would be the patient only. On the other hand, critics of mercy killing believe that only the creator has the right to take the life back of his creations. They are of the opinion that life is the most important thing in the world. Nobody has so far succeeded in unveiling the miseries about the life. Nobody knows from where we come and where we go after death. No science or technology, so far succeeded in creating an artificial life in a laboratory setup which underlines the importance and value of life on earth. Moreover critics also argue that only the creator has the right to modify or destroy creations and anything against his will would be unethical. As expected, we met strong arguments both in favour and against mercy killing during our research. We found most of the arguments of the proponents and the critics logical and valuable. It was difficult for us to take a position on this issue and our group actively discussed all the major arguments from both the sides in order to make a conclusion. Some of the arguments we found during our research are given below. The article IF MERCY KILLING BECOMES LEG, argued that mercy killing would be misused if it is made legal (IF MERCY KILLING BECOMES LEGAL). The above argument seems to be logical as the antisocial elements can kill innocent people on behalf of mercy killing in order to

Service Learning and ESL Students :: ESL Students

School, when some people hear the word, they usually think that school is learning new things in a room. However, it is something that cannot be described only in the textbook. Service learning is â€Å"an union of community service and formal learning. It involves students going out into their communities and using that which they learn in class to help people, and then bringing that which they learn in their community service back into the classroom to enhance their learning.†(Minor, 2001) Diane Murakami who is an ELL (English Language Learners) teacher at Queen Ka’ahumanu Elementary School in Honolulu. She gave CP 4 (college preparatory) students at Hawaii Internal College a chance to service learning at Queen Ka’ahumanu Elementary School. Service learning is a good effect way to learn about new cultures and also to communicate with local people for ESL students. Studying abroad is a wonderful opportunity, but it is not easy to spend time in a new culture, and communicating with people is difficult. Natalie M. Russell is an ESL (English as a Second Language) teacher at Omaha South High School, and she realized that when she was teaching ESL students, they often felt alienated from their school and communities. Therefore, they tended to make friends only in school, so they did not make friends outside of school. In â€Å"Teaching More Than English†, Natalie M. Russell said, â€Å"they avoided interacting with mainstream students and getting involved in school activities† (Natalie M. Russell, 2007, para 1). Natalie M. Russell tried to make her class communication with mainstream people, and she decided that service learning was a good way to communicate with mainstream people because she said, â€Å"students not only learn during service learning activities, but also they also reflect on their service and its value to the community. This reflection helps build a sense of civic responsibility and caring for others.†(Natalie M. Russell, 2007, para 3) In Natalie M. Russell’s case, she said, â€Å"the student population of the high school in which I taught was approximately 60% Hispanic, and my ESL classes that year were 100% Hispanic. In deciding what our service project would be, my students concluded that the community’s primary problem was the language barrier that divided the immigrants from the local population.† (Natalie M. Russell, 2007, para 4) In town, Spanish/English dictionaries were available to buy, but Spanish/English phrasebooks were not, so she and her students decided to make Spanish/English phrasebooks and distributed it free in the community.

Elizabeth, the Monster and Patriarchy Essay

In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, some blatant parallels are made between Dr. Frankenstein’s adopted sister, Elizabeth, and the monster he created. Both of these innocent creatures, together represent all of mankind in their similarities and differences, Elizabeth being the picture of womanhood and goodness, the monster representing manhood and evil. Both Elizabeth and the monster belong to and structure their lives in terms of Dr. Frankenstein, leading to overall destruction and, ultimately demonstrating the dangerous properties of patriarchy, which Dr. Frankenstein embodies. Dr. Frankenstein begins his narrative, most logically, in telling the story of his childhood. Dr. Victor Frankenstein’s mother was a loving, benevolent woman, moved by the plight of the impoverished and forever doing all in her power to give charity to those in need. It was thus that she came across a poor Italian family with a flock of dirty children, one of them stood out, she was blond and fair and especially angelic. Victor’s mother decided that it was her duty to raise this blond girl as her own, or, rather, as Victor’s own. This girl was Elizabeth who is, in a way, given to Victor as a gift, and thus begins his unnatural relationship with power and creation; â€Å"On the evening previous to [Elizabeth] being brought to my home, my mother had said playfully, ‘I have a pretty present for my Victor-tomorrow he shall have it.’ And when, on the morrow, she presented Elizabeth to me as her promised gift, I, with childish seriousness, interpreted her words literally and looked upon Elizabeth as mine-mine to protect, love, and cherish.† (56) On her deathbed, Victor’s mother expresses her desire for the ultimate union of Victor and Elizabeth. The fate of Elizabeth is thus utterly dependent upon Victor’s, and Victor’s relationship with his fellow humans is forever grossly twisted due to his near ownership of Elizabeth. The arrangement of their odd marriage is never questioned by either one of them, and neither are ever able to repair their relationships with other people/beings, their experiences being so inhuman. In his college years, Victor develops a desire, and acquires the necessary knowledge, to actually create life. After just a couple of extremely productive years at the University, Dr. Frankenstein discoveries an amazing thing, he states in his narration; â€Å"After days and nights of incredible labor and fatigue, I succeeded in discovering the cause of generation and life; nay, more, I became myself capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter.† (51) But it was not enough for Dr. Frankenstein merely to know how to give life, he had to do it himself. His goal was far from modest, he planned to create not a frog or a fruit fly, but a man. Dr. Frankenstein was excited by the power of his act, he likened himself to god, â€Å"A new species would bless me as its creator and source: many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me.† (52) Victor’s egotism and corollary want for power frame him in the classic definition of the Patriarch. He believes that whatever he creates will love and cherish his being for the mere fact of his being its creator, his word is the final word and the right word The being that Dr. Frankenstein creates is the monster of the novel, this monster is at once an independent being, and a possession. It is the beautiful being that Dr. Frankenstein longed would look up to its supreme creator with servile gratitude. Dr. Frankenstein did not fully understand how horrific was his deed, until it had been done, regarding his first glimpse at the now living creature, Frankenstein remarked, â€Å"How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavored to form?† In the  monster’s first moment of consciousness, he stretched out his arm towards his creator, a sign of ultimate compassion and the gratitude for which Dr. Frankenstein had longed. Dr. Frankenstein responds by turning his back and running. Dr. Frankenstein embodies the irresponsible leader, the unfeeling man, the Patriarch with grand intentions but no means of the necessary compassion. During the time in which Dr. Frankenstein is away from home, studying in the University, he receives a multitude of letters from the longing Elizabeth, and replies to none. Elizabeth remains at home in Switzerland, fulfilling her womanly duties to the Frankenstein family, her only hope for future happiness lies in her marriage with Victor, for she is nothing without him. The power that Dr. Frankenstein holds over Elizabeth has striking similarities to the dynamic of power he described as desiring over his creations. The pattern of neglect that Frankenstein demonstrates first with Elizabeth, then with the monster does not seem to phase their unconditional, and unreasonable, love for him. Dr. Frankenstein does not think of Elizabeth as an equal, for she is a woman, and he does not think of the monster as even a man, for he created him. Within a Patriarchy, the government feels justified in its neglectful actions for it feels itself better than the women and low lifes over which it rules. Just as a population allows their government to proceed with its cruel deeds without question, so do Elizabeth and the monster initially turn a blind eye to the evil acts of Dr. Frankenstein. Elizabeth and the monster are not only similar in their actions relative to Dr. Frankenstein, but both seem to occupy quite the opposite end of the spectrum of humanity. Elizabeth is submissive and self-sacrificing. She is blond and fair-skinned and described as â€Å"angelic†. Elizabeth encompasses womanhood and goodness at once. The monster, on the other hand, ends up dedicating his life to the destruction of Dr. Frankenstein’s livelihood. The monster is ugly, the mere sight of him puts people into shock. The monster is a self described â€Å"fallen angel† and he even likens himself to Adam, the first man. Thus the monster encompasses evil and manhood at once. Elizabeth and the monster together represent all of man, the oppressed, the poor, the  ugly and the helpless victims of a system built to benefit a select few. While Dr. Frankenstein represents the ruling class, Elizabeth and the monster together represent the under-privileged ruled class. War is a classically male act. War is the tool and the game of the Patriarchy and the innocent civilians are its pawns. When Dr. Frankenstein oversteps the limits of human power, he takes control over things for which man should not be responsible, he states â€Å"Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which I should first break through.† In commencing a war, the Patriarch puts himself in charge of the lives and deaths of many men, an extremely unnatural act. When Dr. Frankenstein meddles with the natural limits of life and death, he is creating the chaos of war in his own life. The death and destruction which results from Dr. Frankenstein’s creation, the death of his younger brother William, Justine and Elizabeth, are merely examples of the multitude of unnecessary deaths caused by the Patriarchal wars. Just as many wars could have been prevented through simple negotiations, had it not been for the arrogance of one man with too much power, so too could have the destruction in Frankenstein have been prevented had Dr. Frankenstein merely conceded with the monster’s simple request, with which he ended his own narrative; â€Å"My companion must be of the same species and have the same defects. This being you must create.†(137). Had Dr. Frankenstein for once done something for someone other than himself, in this case, create a female companion for the monster, many lives could have been saved. Shelley was clearly making the statement that the absence of womanly compassion in government is what leads to unnecessary destruction in war. In creating a man, Dr. Frankenstein takes on, unnaturally, a woman’s role, it is thus that he can neglect Elizabeth, deeming her unnecessary. This is the biggest mistake at all. Just as Elizabeth, or any woman, was left out of the creation of this man, so has woman been neglected from the makings of governments and societal structures in Patriarchies everywhere. Elizabeth and the monster represent a balance that Dr. Frankenstein lacks, because he rejects everything feminine and human, he must bear the consequences. At the time this book was written, many technological advances were being made, discoveries in science were flourishing and scientists themselves were  gaining the highest forms of respect. Unfortunately, due to the style of government and power structures at the time, these incredible advances benefited everyone but women and the poor. Infant mortality was still very high and other health issues related to women were being utterly ignored by the scientific community, which seemed to have no place for femininity. Shelley displays this discrepancy in the novel first with the many deaths of mothers, Elizabeth’s mother, Dr. Frankenstein’s mother, Clerval’s mother and Justine’s mother all died relatively early on in the novel. While Dr. Frankenstein could create life, no one could seem to save a mother in childbirth or make food for a starving family. To emphasize the lack of female influence in science, Dr. Frankenstein completes the most womanly act there is, creation of life, without a woman. Dr. Frankenstein’s unnatural power over Elizabeth and the monster eventually lead to the destruction of them all. It is not long before the roles are reversed between the Doctor and the monster. While the monster is initially enslaved to the doctor, by the end of the novel the doctor believes himself to be the slave of the monster. It is Dr. Frankenstein’s arrogant, patriarchal ego that gets his true love killed, his power destroys his life. Dr. Frankenstein’s divergence from all that is feminine and human led to chaos for all. Because Dr. Frankenstein dedicates his life to vengeance against the monster for the murder of Elizabeth, he becomes the slave of both the monster and Elizabeth: the tables turned. In the last moments of Dr. Frankenstein’s life, he cries â€Å"Scoffing devil! Again do I vow vengeance; again do I devote thee, miserable fiend, to  torture and death. Never will I give up my search until he or I perish; and then with what ecstasy shall I join my Elizabeth and my departed friends, who even now prepare me for  the reward of my tedious toil and terrible pilgrimage.† (195) Just as conditions must sometimes reach their lowest point before the people  break into revolution, and their rulers never renounce their sins in life, so did the worst type of destruction have to occur before Dr. Frankenstein realized what his role must be. Mary Shelley lived in a time when a woman novelist was believed to be putting her name on her husband’s work, the advancement of technology ran beyond human interests and only the rich received some sort of security against sudden death and rampant disease. Shelley saw the chaos and destruction that resulted from unequal representation in a power-hungry, Patriarchal government. Elizabeth and the monster embody the missing aspects of this un-representative ruling class; compassion and humanity, it is the absence of these things that Shelley displays the horrific result of in her novel. Frankenstein is more than a ghost story, it is a social narrative and a political manifesto.

Worldview My Concept Of Religion Within My Worldview

Worldview What is my worldview? What is my concept of religion within my worldview? I have had a long journey of growth and of struggle in my desire to find God. Starting from a young age, I had many questions concerning God and how involved he was in my life from a Protestant Christian perspective, to having what I would call a personal experience of the love of God as a child, which put me on the path to look for him. Just when I think I had God figured out, it’s as if my worldview got flipped upside down. So, my journey has been one of a constant changing worldview, never finding full comfort in any one area, denomination, or even religion. From a desire to be right within the particular denomination I was in, to finding out other†¦show more content†¦The Church of God viewed itself as the chosen of the Christian God and all other Protestant churches including other religions were missing out on God’s truth. I enjoyed many relationships with others outside of the chur ch who were from different denominations and religions and started to question what I had been taught. This led to the church questioning my questions and did not understand why I was asking these questions. I had come to a place in my life where the God that they spoke of no longer made sense to me and I could not understand how I just so happened to be saved and everybody else missed the boat, so I decided to move on and continue my search. During this time, I continued to look for God within the Christian tradition and came across a very intelligent Christian professor. Because I thought the Church of God was missing intelligence I thought that I had found what I was looking for within this professor, finally somebody who could provide me the truth. Within my mindset I thought that I would find the perfect truth if I only kept searching and in this man, who always was very wise and seemed to understand the deeper things of life, I thought that I had found it, finally the gold I was digging for. This man’s view of God was so much deeper than that of the Church of God and relieved my pain of feeling that the Christian God was angry at me because I could not keep his commandments perfectly. God all of a suddenShow MoreRelatedGod Is Red : A Native View Of Religion912 Words   |  4 Pagesof Religion Vine Deloria discussed and elaborated on many issues in God Is Red: A Native View of Religion. The Indian movement within America has many difficulties including how the Christian and Native perspectives on many issues, including history, time and land, was informative and enlightening. The issues between the conflicting viewpoints on creation, history and how it effects our present American culture has been an interest to me. I want to focus on the chapter on Death and Religion whereRead MoreIntegrative Approaches Of Psychology And Christianity1495 Words   |  6 Pages Summary â€Å"Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity, An Introduction to Worldview Issues, Philosophical Foundations and Models of Integration† is a book written by David N. Entwistle that offers insight and awareness to the relationship between psychology and theology. Psychology and theology share a common interest in the nature and purpose of human beings. This book introduces worldview issues and a philosophical source that provides a framework of the relationship between the scienceRead MorePersonal Worldview Essay1009 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Worldview Elias Cantu Grand Canyon University PHI-413V Roxanne Birchfield October 15, 2017 Personal Worldview My world view is strongly influenced by my faith, however working in the healthcare field I frequently meet individuals of different religions and faiths. A worldview is a theory of the world, used for living in the world. A world view is a mental model of reality. It is a framework of ideas and attitudes about the world, ourselves, and a comprehensive system of beliefsRead MorePersonal Worldview Inventory : Worldview1164 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Worldview Inventory Worldview is regarded as the crucial basis of reality and is dominant among culture. It consists of classes, norms as well as values that provide an overview by which is observed as an overview that people use to examine the universe. As a result of unique wide perspective associated with worldview that everybody has, there are evidences of similarities within communities, family setups and among the culture. (Shelly, 2006). Worldview can also be influenced by the spiritualRead MoreEssay about Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity1320 Words   |  6 Pagesand Christianity David N. Entwistle Cascade Books, 2010 Summary Just as the title describes, Entwistle explains within the book the attempts and varied approaches of integrating both psychology and Christianity, two entities which seem to have been at odds with each other since the time of Galileo. By explaining key historical conflicts, such as instances of friction between religion and science, readers are able to understand how psychology and Christianity are intertwined, and how the same principlesRead MoreWorldview Reflection Paper1327 Words   |  6 Pagesno idea that I had a worldview. I know my worldview didn’t change, but my understanding of myself, others and what that means changed enormously. I learned something very useful and important about the way I perceive things and gain knowledge; I learned about things I didn’t know previously. In the book, The Universe Next Door (2009), Sire communicates various worldviews. For any of us to be fully conscious intellectually, we should not only be able to detect the worldviews of others but be awareRead MoreCross Cultural Dynamics Is A Transformative And Dynamic Program At Oxford Graduate School Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizations, and political institutions. The program also incorporates religion, especially Christianity as an enduring and possibly inexorable factor, fostering growth and understanding within and across cultures, values, norms and traditions to promote communication and peace worldwide. This trend is closely aligned with philosophical issues of humanity, beginning with the historical precedence set by Jesus working within and across varied cultures, reconciling the ills of the world with the lawsRead MoreTaking a Look at Secular Humanism1267 Words   |  5 Pagesof thought and each worldview have a notion of God. Secular humanism is defined as a belief system where humanity is the sovereign of all beings, and where reality and information rests in science and reason. The secular humanistic worldview started as a substitute among religions. Humanism is not a religious belief system in itself, while secular means â€Å"not religious.† A religion is any system of belief that informs an individual’s worldview. The secular humanistic worldview has a distinctive beliefRead MoreJust Business Christian Ethics For The Marketplace1578 Words   |  7 PagesWorldview is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the entirety of the individual or society s knowledge and point of view (Wikipedia 2014). Worldview includes, ontology, what we believe to be reality and epistemology, how we come to know reality. Hill’s identifies his worldview as theism. This is evidenced by the title of his book â€Å"Just Business-Christian Ethics for the Marketplace†. In this book he defines good as a balance of holiness, justice and loveRead MoreThe Spiritual Worldview By Sigmund Freud1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Spiritual Worldview Whether people choose to be a believer in God or an unbeliever, their original worldviews tend to stem from the views of their family members. These worldviews are typically developed throughout early childhood and are based on the premise of wanting to be accepted by someone (typically family), this is classified as having extrinsic faith . However, as children grow up, they often begin to express their individuality and question their worldviews. This is a demonstration